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Commodity Futures Term Structure Reversals

Steve LeCompte | | Posted in: Commodity Futures

Key Insight

Weekly first-minus-second return spreads in 22 commodity futures show negative autocorrelation; a long-short second-nearby strategy (four lowest/highest prior-week spreads, weekly) earned 17.6% gross annualized, Sharpe 0.95 (Jan 1980–Dec 2022; gross of costs).

Do term structures of commodity futures contract series shift in an exploitably predictable way? In their May 2025 paper entitled "Short-Term Basis Reversal", Alberto Rossi, Yingguang Zhang and Yandi Zhu examine relationships between the return spread between adjacent (especially first-minus-second) maturity commodity futures contracts and future returns on these contracts. They consider both cross-sectional and time series approaches to exploitation of findings. Using price data for 22 commodity futures contract series (across energy, metals, livestock and agriculture) with at least one month to expiration during January 1980 through December 2022, they find that:

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