Investing Research Articles

Which industries are most exposed to disruption by artificial intelligence (AI) language models such as ChatGPT? In the April 2023 version of their paper entitled “How will Language Modelers like ChatGPT Affect Occupations and Industries?”, Edward Felten, Manav Raj and Robert Seamans focus the previously developed AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) measure on models such as… Keep Reading

Will emerging artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as the generative large language model ChatGPT have important roles in the economy, including asset management? In his September 2023 paper entitled “Generative AI: Overview, Economic Impact, and Applications in Asset Management”, Martin Luk reviews the evolution of generative AI models, their economic impact and their applications in… Keep Reading

Can large language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 pass the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) exam, which covers fundamentals of investment tools, asset valuation, portfolio management and wealth planning? In their October 2023 paper entitled “Can GPT models be Financial Analysts? An Evaluation of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on Mock CFA Exams”, Ethan Callanan, Amarachi… Keep Reading

Does financial news sentiment as interpreted by large language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT and BARD predict short-term stock market returns? In their September 2023 paper entitled “Large Language Models and Financial Market Sentiment”, Shaun Bond, Hayden Klok and Min Zhu separately test the abilities of ChatGPT and BARD to predict daily, weekly and monthly… Keep Reading

Can Large Language Models (LLM) inject lookahead bias into backtests when rigor is lacking in generation of LLM training samples? In their preliminary and incomplete March 2024 paper entitled “Lookahead Bias in Pretrained Language Models”, Suproteem Sarkar and Keyon Vafa examine the potential for lookahead bias in backtests using the Llama-2 LLM to identify future firm… Keep Reading

How might Large Language Models (LLM), trained to understand, generate and interact with human language via billions or trillions of tuned parameters, impact accounting and finance? In their December 2023 paper entitled “A Scoping Review of ChatGPT Research in Accounting and Finance”, Mengming Dong, Theophanis Stratopoulos and Victor Wang synthesize recent publications and working papers… Keep Reading

Are large language models such as GPT-4 as effective as professional human analysts in interpreting numerical financial statements? In their May 2024 paper entitled “Financial Statement Analysis with Large Language Models”, Alex Kim, Maximilian Muhn and Valeri Nikolaev investigate whether GPT-4 can analyze standardized, anonymized financial statements to forecast direction and magnitude (large, moderate or… Keep Reading

Can relatively modest large language models (LLM), pretrained with diverse financial information, effectively rank stocks? In their September 2024 paper entitled “Re(Visiting) Large Language Models in Finance”, Eghbal Rahimikia and Felix Drinkall introduce base and small versions of FinText, LLMs that are: (1) kept compact compared to state-of-the-art LLMs to allow practical use with personal… Keep Reading

Generative large language models (LLM), such as ChatGPT, are best known for conversational summation of complex information. Their use in financial forecasting focuses on discrete news sentiment signals of positive (1), neutral (0) or negative (-1). Is there a way to extract more granularity in LLM sentiment estimates? In their October 2024 paper entitled “Cut… Keep Reading

Can advanced natural language processing models such as ChatGPT extract sentiment from firm news headlines that usefully predicts associated next-day stock returns? In their April 2023 paper entitled “Can ChatGPT Forecast Stock Price Movements? Return Predictability and Large Language Models”, Alejandro Lopez-Lira and Yuehua Tang test the ability of ChatGPT to predict next-day returns of… Keep Reading